Starter for internal-combustion engines



Aug. 24 1926. '7

' J- HASSELBRING, JR

STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION NGINES Filed August 10, 1925 2 Sheets-Shesv 1 JJ 5 k J INVENTOR Aug. 24 1926. 1,596,876

J. HASSELBRING, JR

STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed August 10, 1925 P Sheets-Sheet 2 I Patented Aug. 24, 1926;

UNITED STATES A 1,596,876 PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN HASSELBRING, JR., OF WOODHAVEN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO ROYALTY HOLD- ING CORPORATION, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

STARTER FOR TNTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed August 10, 1925.

The invention relates to starters for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to the construction and arrangement of parts by which the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will cause the application of power from a source of electrical energy to the starting motor, and cause the coupling of the motor to the engine, and the operation of the engine under 'compllshed through the medium of an elecits own power will result in the disconnection of the coupling between the engine and the motor and the interruptionof the circuit to-the starting motor through entirely mechanical agencies.

At the present time there are in use three general arrangements of electrical equipment used in connection with the starting mechanisms for automobiles.

In one of these systems a motor is used for applying starting power to an internal combustion engine, the coupling and uncoupling of the motor .to the engine being effected through purely mechanical agencies, the system having no generator, and the motor being incapable of operating as a generator.

Another of these systems includes a starting motor of the type above referred to with its mechanical coupling mechanism, and contains as a separate unit a generatordriven from the engine.

Still another system includes an electrical machine capable of operatingv either as a. motor or as a generator, a manually operative mechanism being provided by which said machine may be coupled to the engine, and by which means controlling the circuit to said electrical machine is so actuated as to cause it to act as a motor. This manually operative mechanism is also used to effect the uncoupling of the electrical machine from the engine, and at the same time so control the circuit to said machine as to prevent its continued action as a motor while permitting it to function as a generator.

My present invention relates to a mechathis mechanism being so combined with the ignition system of the engine, with the engine manifold, and with the coupling mechanism for connecting the motor to the engine, that with the closing of the circuit to the ignition system for the engine, a brush controlling, the circuit. to the series field Serial No. 49,167.

winding of the electric machine will be automatically engaged with a commutator so as to cause the machine to act as a motor, while at the same time the coupling mechanism will be actuated to cause the power of the motor to be applied to the engine. This simultaneous closing of the circuit to the field winding of the electric machine, and coupling of the motor to the engine, is actro-receptive device energized as the result of the closing of the circuit to the ignition system. This device is de-energized through a make and break mechanism arranged in the circuit thereto, and actuated as a result of sub-atm0spheric pressure developed in the engine intake as the engine operates at speed under its own power. The de-energizing of said 'electro-receptive device, which is in the form of a solenoid, will result in the uncoupling of the motor and the engine, and the simultaneous disengagement of the brush in the circuit to the series field winding of the motor, from its commutator, thus causing the electric machine to cease to function as such, and permitting it to act solely as a generator for the purpose of re-charging the source of electrical energy, ordinarily a secondary electric battery.

This inclusion in the starting system of an automobile, of a mechanism functioning as described, will cause the application of power from the source to the ignition system of an automobile to result in the automatic coupling of the electric machine to the engine; the energizing of the series field winding of the machine to cause it to act as a motor; and the substantially simultaneous coupling of the machine to the engine. Instantly, however, that the engine comes to speed under its own power, the series field winding of the motor will be de-energized and the electric machine will be uncoupled from the engine, this condition being maintained so long as the engine continues to operate under its own power.

In the event, however, of the slowing down of the engine from any cause whatsoever, to a speed where it is about to come to rest, or actually comes to rest, the electroreceptive device will automatically be reenergized, thus re-energizing the series field winding of the electric machine, and re coupling the motor to the engine, thus permitting the application of the energy from the source of power to the engine and preventing the so-called stalling of the engine, whether this be due to the sudden stoppage of the vehicle while in trafiic, or a temporary overloading of the engine as when hill climbing.

The device of my invention while primaril dependent upon the ignition switch in or er to cause it to function, may nevertheless control the application of energy to the engine in the manner above described, without requiring any operation of the manually operative lgnition switch beyond the initial closing of this switch for supplying energy to the ignition system, and to the mechanism controlling the coupling mecha nism for the starting motor.

The series field winding of the motor is controlled by the movable brush solely, which brush as stated is either connected with, or disengaged from, its armature as a result of the actuation of the coupling mechanism by which the motor may be connected with the engine.

In the use of the device of my invention, when applied to automobiles already in existence, it is merely added to the existing mechanisms with which it co-operates.

When used in connection with new equipment, the design of the equipment may be modified as. well as the design of the device.

so as to include the additional elements necessary to secure the control of the mechanism in the manner described without, however, modifying the detailed construction of the clutch mechanism or of the electric machine. In fact the device of my invention is a mere controlling mechanism combined with old and well known mechanisms in a manner to preserve in such mechanisms their old and well known mode of operations while introducing thereto automatically controlled functions.

The invention consists primarily in a starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine mcluding therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or as a generator, a coupling mechanism including a shiftable mechanism whereby said machine may be connected with an engine, and said means may be actuated,

and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative, of an electro-receptive device in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, and a normally closed make and break mechanism in said circuit, a manually operative switch simultaneously controlling circuits from said source to the, ignition system of an engine, and to said electro-receptive device, means actuated b tive device and operatlve upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the said electro-recepcircuit to the ignition system will energize said electro-receptive device to cause the actuation of said clutch mechanism, and the actuation of the means causing said machine to operate as a motor, actuating means for said make and break mechanism, and connections between said means and an engine intake, whereby said electro-receptive device, said coupling mechanism, and said means causing the operation of said machine as a. motor will bemade inoperative when the engine is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operative when the engine is about to come to, or comes to, rest; and in such other novel fea tures of construction and combination of parts as are hereinafter set. forth and described, and more particularly pointed out in the claims hereto appended.

Referring to the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly broken away, of a starter embodying my invention, and an internal combustion engine with which said starter is associated;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view, partly in section, of the magnetic and sub-atmospheric controls forming a part of the starter;

Fig. 3 is an end view thereof; and

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic showing of the electrical wiring of the starter.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, its use is illustrated in connection with a well known electric machine, capable of use as a motor or as a generator, and with a well known coupling mechanism, by means of which said machine may be connected with a well known construction of internal combustion engine, my invention contemplating an automatic controlling device for the said coupling mechanism operable as a result of the closing of a manually operative switch for the ignition system of said engine, so as to secure an automatic actuation of these various devices as a result of the closing of said switch, in lieu of the foot pedal now commonly use for such purpose.

In the showing of the drawings is illustrated merely one type of these old and well known mechanisms, the invention being applicable to other forms of electric machines, of controls therefor for causing such ma.- chines to act in the alternative as a motor or as a generator, and of mechanical couplings'.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, I have shown at E an internal combustion engine; at B a source of electrical energy, ordinarily a storage battery; at I an ignition system including spark plugs I; and at MG an electric. machlne having shunt wound field magnets 10, and series wound field magnets 11. Said machine is .provided with the usual commutators and brushes, which be ing old and well known in this art will not be described in detail. The commutator and brushes operative when the device is acting as a motor are indicated at 12, and the commutator and brushes operative when the machine is acting as a generator, at 13.

One of the brushes 14 of the brush and commutator mechanism 12 is movable into or out of engagement with its commutator, being normally out of engagement therewith. This brush is in electrical connection with the source B through the lead 15. The shunt field magnets are in electrical connection with said source through a lead 16, con trolled by a manually operative switch mechanism S, which in addition to controlling the circuit to the shunt field, also controls the circuit to the ignition system I, and to the automatic mechanism by which said machine will be coupled to, or uncoupled from, the engine E in a manner which will more fully appear hereinafter.

So far as the electric machine and its controls are concerned, such are old and well known, and are therefore described only briefly.

The engine E is provided with a fly wheel having a spur gear formed thereon, indicated at W. The shaft of the machine M-G is provided with a spur gear G. Mounted adjacent these gears is a slide 17 having secured'thereon a forked arm 18, said slide being acted upon by a spring 19, nor mally thrusting it towards the machine M--G. Counter to the slide 17 is a fixed shaft 20 having slidably mounted thereon the connected gears 21 and 22, one of which as 21 is adapted to mesh with the gear upon the fly wheel WV, and the other of which as 22 is adapted to mesh with the gear G, said gears having a grooved collar 23 with which the arm 18 co-operates. This mechanism is an old and well known form of coupling mechanism now commonly used, the actuation, however, of this mechanism being through a manually operative foot pedal 24 as shown in the drawings.

The power for actuating the mach ne MG as a generator is derived from the usual timing mechanism T between the engine shaft and said armature, the power for driving same being derived from the engine.

The engine E is provided with the usual intake manifold shown at M in the drawings.

Carried by the slide 17 is an arm 25 carrying a beveled extension 26 adapted to normally maintain the brush 14 out of engagement with its commutator ring, but rmit it to descend into engagement therewith when the slide 17 is actuated to impart movement of the gears 2122 toward the fly wheel W.

This construction for maintaining a normally open circuit to the series windings of the machine M, while timing the closing of this circuit with relation .to the movements of the coupling mechanism, is old and well known in the art, and other means for controlling this circuit may be used and actuated by the controlling mechanism embodied in my invention through agencies other than said slide. a

In a starter embodying my invention, I provide an automatic controlling mechanism by which the circuit to the series field magnets of the electric machine will be automatically closed substantially simultaneously with the setting of the clutch mechanism connecting said machine with the internal combustion engine. This controlling mechanism is actuated as a result of the closing of the circuit to the ignition system of said engine by the switch S, means operative by sub-atmospheric pressure conditions resulting from the piston action of the engine being provided to cause the automatic opening of the circuit to said series field magnets, and the release of said clutch mechanism when the engine is at operating speed under its own power. I

The embodiment of this controlling mechanism illustrated in the drawings, includes an electro-magnet 27 which is in the form of a solenoid, the core of which is'pivotally connected with one arm of a rocking lever 28, the other arm of which engages the arm 25 upon the slide 17. Said magnet 27 is carried in a frame 29 which may be mounted upon the casing of the machine 'MG, the rocking lever 28 also being pivoted upon this frame. Any desired construct-ion of parts for compensating for the are described by the lever 28 may be used, the magnet 27 being pivoted in the frame 29, in the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings.

The winding of the solenoid 27 is in circuit with the source B through a lead 29, from the ignition switch S, this lead having therein a normally open magnetic switch consisting of a magnet 30 having a fixed core, a pivoted armature 31 carrying a contact 32 which co-operates with a fixed contact 33 being within the field of said core. The lead 29 is in electrical connection with a metallic bracket 34 by means of the bind- S through a normally closed make and break mechanlsm consisting of spaced spring contacts 38 and 39, one of whlch, as 38, is electrically connected with the binding post 35, and the other of which is supported by, but insulated from, the bracket 34, and electrically connected with the winding of the sponsive to variable pressure conditions resulting from the. operation of the engine. this mechanism being so constructed that the contact 41 is normally engaged with the contacts 38 and 39, but will be automatically.

disengaged therefrom when the engine is operating under its own power. By normally is meant under all conditions when the engine is not operating at working speed under its own power.

The mechanism operative upon the contact 41 consists of a cylinder 42 having mounted therein a piston 43 acted upon by a spring 44 to normally thrust said contact 41 into electrical engagement with the.

spring contacts 38 and 39. This spring 44 is of fairly light compression, as are the contacts 38 and 39, since this mechanism, in order to maintain the proper working conditions, must be responsive to a slight reduction in atmospheric pressure in opening-the make and break mechanism, but must not be responsive to slight variations in sub-at- -mospheric pressure conditions in the engine intake while the engine is operating. The end of the cylinder 42 adjacent the spring 44 is connected with the engine manifold M, by means of the pipe connections 45.

The operation of the herein described starter is substantially as follows When the engine E is at rest, the brush 14 will be held out o'f engagement with its com- I mutator by the extension 26, the contacts 32 and 33 of the magnetic switch will be separated, thus de-energizing the magnet 27, and the make'and break mechanism 38, 39 and 41 will be closed by the action of the sspring 44 upon the piston 43. The switch will be open.

When it is desired to start the engine, it is merely necessary for the driver of an automobile to close the switch S, the closing of which switch will permit the current from the source B to flow to the shunt field magnets 11, as in s'tarting'devices of this general type now commonly used, but in addition thereto, will permit the. flow of current from said source through the make and break mechanism 38, 39 and 41 to the winding of the electro-magnet 30, thus energizing this magnet, and through the traction of this magnet upon the armature 31 cause the engagement of the contacts 32 and 33, and closing the circuit directv from the source B to the solenoid 27.

slide 17 against the tension of the spring 18, and through the forked arm 18 move the gears 21 and 22 toward'the gears upon the fly wheel W, and G upon the motor shaft. The gears 21 and 22 are so positioned in relation to each other, and in relation to the.

gears with which they respectively cooperate, that the gear 22 will mesh with the gear G slightly in advance of the enmeshment of the gear 21 with the gear upon thefiy wheel W. This however is old in the art.

In the event that the several gears should be momentarily in a position which will cause them to clash, there will be no likelihood of the stripping of the teeth, because of the limited power exerted by the solenoid 27. The energizing of the shuntfield magnets of the machine M-G will impart sufiicient movement to the gear G to ensure the substantial instant meshing of the gear 22 therewith, and thereafter-the movement of the gears 21 and 22 will ensure the immediate meshing of the gear 21 with the gear upon the fly wheel \V.

Substantially simultaneously with the set ting of this clutch mechanism, the extension 26 will pass from its engaging relation with the brush 14, permitting the closing of the circuit through this brush to the series field magnets of the machine M-G, thus causing this machine to act as a motor, and to turn over the engine at a low speed until a charge in some of the cylinders of the engine is ignited to start the engine under its own power.

With the engine thus operating under its own power, and as it approaches working speed, the suction or sub-atmospheric pressure developed in the manifold E will draw 'the piston 43-inwardl'y of the cylinder'42 against the compression of the spring 44,- thus withdrawing the contact 41 from its engagemcnt with the light spring contacts 38 and 39, and interrupting the circuit to the electro-magnet 30, relieving the armature 31 from the traction of the magnet 30 and permitting the spring 36 to separate the contacts 32-33. This will interrupt the circuit to the solenoid 27, de-energizing' said solenoid so as to permit the spring 18 to impart a return movement to'the slide 17 which will move the brush 14 out of engagementwith its commutator, and at the same time move the gears 21 and 22 out of mesh with the gears upon the fly wheel W, and

G upon the machine shaft. Thereafter the machine M G will act solely as a generator.

The continued suction exerted by the engine pistons, or the sub-atmospheric pressure in the manifold E will hold the piston 43 inwardly of the cylinder 42, thus maintain ing the contact 41 out of engagement with the contacts 38 and 39. The spring 44 will be held in compression by said piston.

In the event of the engine speed being materially reduced, as throu h an overload thereon when climbing a hill, or from a too sudden application of the brakes of a vehicle, or from any other cause excepting the actuation of the switch S, the sub-atmospheric pressure in the manifold E will be instantly relieved, thus permitting the spring 44 to move the piston and re-engage the contact 41 with the spring contacts 38 and 39, to cause a cycle of operations like those above described, and the power of the machine M-G to be again applied to the engine E until it is again operating under its own power, or has been relieved from the load tending to stop or stall it.

It will be noted from the foregoing that a starter embodying my invention requires no attention from the driver of an automobile excepting the manual closing or opening of the switch S and that the functioning of the starter in preventing the engine coming to rest is entirely automatic. The condition of the various mechanisms is such that so long as the ignition system is functioning, the starting mechanism will operate as required to ensure the continued operation of the engine at working speed. No acquired skill is necessary in the actuation of the starter, and those difiiculties arising from the manual shifting of the gears 21 and 22 are entirely eliminated in a starter embodying the invention.

While under normal conditions the mechanism herein described will act solely to apply starting power to the engine E, the automatic features of the device impart to it the characteristic of a mixed drive system for vehicles, so that in an emergency the machine will take up the load of the vehicle or assist the engine in taking up the load to carry vehicles to a place of safety.

The construction illustrated in the drawings was designed primarily for embodiment in a starting mechanism now in commen and extensive use, and the construction and arrangement of parts is such as to more particularly adapt it to these old and well known mechanisms. It is apparent, however, that the invention is not limited to the particular construction and arrangement of parts shown, as such may be varied while preserving all of the essential characteristics of the invention. 7

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, is

1. A starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or as a generator, a coupling mechanism including a shiftable mechanism whereby said machine may be connected with an engine, and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative, of an electro-receptive device in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, and a normally closed make and break mechanism in said circuit, a manually operative switch simultaneously controlling circuits from said source to the ignition system of an engine, and to said electro-receptive device, means actuated by said electroreceptive device and operative upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will energize said electro-receptive device to cause the actuation of said clutch mechanism, and the actuation of the means causing said machine to operate as a motor, actuating means for said make and break mechanism, and connections between said means and an en gine intake, whereby said electro-receptive device, said coupling mechanism, and 'said means causing the operation of said machine as a motor will be made inoperative when the engine is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operative when the engine is about to come to, or comes to, rest.

23A starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or vas a generator, a coupling mechanism includin a shiftable inechanism whereby said mac ine may be connected with an engine, and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative. of an electro-receptive device in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, and a normally closed make and break mechanism in said circuit, a manually operative switch simultaneously controlling circuits from said source tothe ignition system vofan engine, and to said electro-receptive device, means actuated by said electro-receptive device and operative upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will energize said electro-receptive device to cause the actuation of said clutch mechanism, and the actuation of the means causing said machine to operate as a motor, said make and break mechanism comprising spring contacts separated one from the other, a movable contact co-operating therewith, a cylinder, a piston mounted therein carrying said movable contact, and a spring operative upon said piston, and connections between said cylinder and an engine intake, whereby said electro-receptive device, said coupling mechanism, and sald means causing the operation of said machine as a motor will be made inoperative when the eng ne is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operative when the engine is about to come to, or comes to, rest.

3. A starter forinternal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or as a generator, a coupling mechanism including a shiftable mechanism whereby said machine may be connected with an engine, and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative, of a sole noid in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, and a normally closed make and break mechanism in said circuit, a manually operative switch simultaneously controlling. circuits from said source to the ignition system of an engine, and to said solenoid, a rocking lever, one arm of which is pivotally connected with the core of said solenoid, and the other arm of which isoperatively connected with said clutch mechanism and operative upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the cir cuit to the ignition system will energize said solenoid to cause the actuation of said clutch mechanism, and the actuation of the means causing said machine to operate as a motor, actuating means for said make and break mechanism, and connections between said means and an engine intake, whereby said solenoid, said coupling mechanism, and said means causing the operation of said machine as a motor will be made inoperative when the engine is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operative when the engine is about to come to, or comes to, rest.

4, A starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or as a generator, a coupling mechanism including a shiftable mechanism whereby said machine may be connected with an engine, and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative, of a sole-- noid in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, anda normally closed make and break mechanism in said circuit, a manually operative. switch simultaneously controlling. circuits from said source to the ignition system of an engine, and to said solenoid, a rocking lever, one arm of which is pivotally connected with the" core of said solenoid, and the other arm of which is operatively connected. with said clutch mechanism and operative upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will energize said solenoid to cause the actuation of said'clutch mechanism,'and the actuation ofithe means causing said machine to operate as a motor, said make and break mechanism comprising spring contacts separated one from the other, a movable contact co-operating therewith, a cylinder, a piston mounted therein carrying said movable contact, and a spring operative upon said piston, and connections between said cylinder and an engine intake, whereby said solenoid, said coupling mechanism, and said means causing the operation of said machine as a motor will be made inoperative when the engine is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operative when the engine is about to come to, or

comes to, rest.

5.'A starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or as a generator, a coupling mechanism including a shiftable mechanism whereby said machine may be connected with an engine, and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative, of a pivotally mounted solenoid in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, and a normally closed makeandbreak mechanism in said circuit, a manually operative switch simultaneously controlling circuits from said source to the ignition system of an engine,

and to said solenoid, a rocking lever, one arm of which is pivotally connected with the core of said solenoid, and the other arm of which is operatively connected with said clutch mechanism and operative upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will energize said solenoid to cause the actuation of said clutch mechanism, and the actuation of the means causing said machine to operate as a motor, actuating means for said make and break mechanism, and connections between said means and an engine intake, whereby said solenoid, said coupling mechanism, and said means causing the operation of said machine as a motor will be made inoperative when the engine is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operative when the engine is about to come to, or comes to, rest.

6. A starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means wherevice and operative upon said shiftable mech anism, whereby the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will energize said electroreceptive device to cause the actuation of said clutch mechanism, and the actuation of the means causing said machine to operate as a motor, actuating means for said make and break mechanism, and'connections between said means and an engine intake, whereby said electro-receptive device, said coupling mechanism, and said means causing the operation of saidmachine 'as a motor will be made inoperative when the engine is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operative when the engine is about to come to, or comes to, rest.

7 A starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combinaion with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or as a generator, a coupling mechanism including a shiftable mechanism whereby saidmachine may be connected with an engine, and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative, of an electro-receptive device in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, and a normally closed make and break mechanism in said circuit, said magnetic switch being of relatively lower capacitythan said electro-receptive device, a manually operative switch simultaneously controlling circuits from said source to the ignition system of an engine, and to said electro-receptive device, means actuated by said electro-receptive device and opgative upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will energize said electro-receptive device to cause the actuation of said clutch mechanism, and the actuation of the means causing said machine to operate as a motor, said make and break mechanism comprising spring contacts separated one from the other, a movable contact co-operating therewith, a cylinder, a piston mounted therein carrying said movable contact, and a spring operative upon said piston, and connections between said cylinder and an engine intake, whereby said electro-receptive device, said coupling mechanism, and said means causing the operation of said machine as a motor will be made inoperative when the engine is running under its own power, and will be automatically made operativewhen the engine is about to come to, or comes to, rest.

8. A starter for internal combustion engines embodying therein in combination with a source of electrical energy, an electric machine including therein means whereby it may be caused to operate either as a motor or as a generator, a coupling mechanism including a shiftable mechanism whereby said machine may be connected with an engine, and means acting to normally make said coupling mechanism inoperative, of a Solenoid in circuit with said source, a normally open magnetic switch, and a normally closed make and break mechanism in said circuit,

said magnetic switch being of relatively lower capacity than said solenoid, a manually operative switch simultaneously controlling circuits from said source to the ignition system of an engine, and to said solenoid, a rocking lever, one arm of which is pivotally connected with the core of said solenoid, and the other arm of which is operatively connected with said clutch mechanism and operative upon said shiftable mechanism, whereby the closing of the circuit to the ignition system will energize said solenoid- In witness whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 31st day of July, 1925. JOHN HASSELBRING, JR. 

